Economic Justice Is Not Possible - 974 Words

Today, we all live in a society of different social classes at different levels. The social classes are (in order) the lower class, the working class, the middle class, and the upper class. With such a diverse range of people with different social and economic statuses, there is a controversial issue on whether or not we should have economic justice. Economic justice is defined as a concept; which would allow equal opportunities for everyone to receive an equal amount of pay for the equal amount of work. Many believe that not only is it possible but also desirable, practical and necessary to have economic justice, while many others believe just the opposite. I for one don’t think it’s fair that in today’s world the poor get poorer and the rich get richer. After comparing both arguments though, I’ve come to the conclusion that economic justice is not possible, desired, practical or necessary. Economic justice may be favorable for many and seem more fair tha n our current situation, but these arguments aren’t good enough to make economic justice possible. With economic justice we won’t have our social classes, because everyone would be receiving the same amount of pay for the same amount of work. Without social classes, there will be no diversity of social/economic statuses. We need this diversity to challenge the people of our nation. How is someone expected to work their way up the social/economic ladder without being challenged. Speaking from personal experience, I amShow MoreRelatedEssay about South African Investment1083 Words   |  5 Pages 2011 In your judgment, were the possible utilitarian benefits of building the Caltex plant in 1977 more important than the possible violations of moral rights and of justice that may be involved? 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Who Invented Bathtubs, Toilets, Showers, and Fountains

Plumbing comes from the Latin word for lead, which is plumbum. Plumbing by definition is a utility that we use in our buildings consisting of the pipes and fixtures for the distribution of water or gas and for the disposal of sewage. The word sewer comes from the French word essouier, meaning to drain. But how did plumbing systems come together? Surely it didnt happen at once, right? Of course not. Lets go over the main fixtures of modern-day plumbing systems. These include  toilets, bathtubs and showers and  water fountains. Let There Be Water Fountains The modern drinking fountain was invented and then manufactured in the early 1900s by two men and the respective company each man founded.  Halsey Willard Taylor  and the Halsey Taylor Company along with Luther Haws and the Haws Sanitary Drinking Faucet Co were the two companies that changed how water was served in public places. Taylors interest in developing a fountain for drinking water began when his father died of typhoid fever caused by contaminated public drinking water. His fathers death was traumatic and motivated him to invent a water fountain to provide safer drinking water. Meanwhile, Haws was a part-time plumber, sheet metal contractor and the sanitary inspector for the city of Berkeley in California. While inspecting a public school, Haws saw children drinking water out of a common tin cup that was tied to the faucet. Because of this, he feared that there was a health hazard in the making because of the way the public was sharing their water supply. Haws invented the first faucet designed for drinking. He used spare plumbing parts, such as taking the ball from a brass bedstead and a self-closing rabbit ear valve. The Berkeley school department installed the first model drinking faucets. Toilets Were Seats Meant for Kings A toilet is a plumbing fixture used for defecation and urination. Modern toilets consist of a bowl fitted with a hinged seat thats connected to a waste pipe where waste is flushed. Toilets are also called privy, latrine, water closet, or lavatory. Contrary to urban legend,  Sir Thomas Crapper  did not invent the toilet. Heres a brief timeline of toilets:   King Minos of Crete had the first flushing water closet recorded in history and that was over 2,800 years ago.A toilet was discovered in the tomb of a Chinese king of the  Western Han Dynasty  that dates back to somewhere between  206 BC to 24 AD.The ancient Romans had a system of sewers. They built simple outhouses or latrines directly over the running waters of the sewers that poured into the Tiber River.Chamber pots were used during the middle ages. A chamber pot is a special metal or ceramic bowl that you used and then tossed the contents out (often out the window).In 1596, a flush toilet was invented and built for Queen Elizabeth I by her godson,  Sir John Harrington.The  first patent  for the  flushing toilet  was issued to Alexander Cummings in 1775.During the 1800s, people would come to realize that poor sanitary conditions caused diseases. Thus having toilets and sewer systems that could control human waste became a priority to lawmakers, medical experts, inv entors as well as the general public.In 1829, the Tremont Hotel of Boston became the first hotel to have indoor plumbing with eight water closets built by Isaiah Rogers. Until 1840, indoor plumbing could be found only in the homes of the rich and the better hotels.Beginning in 1910, toilet designs started moving away from the elevated water tank system and more toward a modern toilet with a closed tank and bowl setup. Toilet Paper and Brushes The first packaged toilet paper was invented in 1857 by an American named Joseph Gayetty. It was called Gayettys Medicated Paper. In 1880, the British Perforated Paper Company created a paper product to be used for wiping after using the toilet that came in boxes of small pre-cut squares. In 1879, the Scott Paper Company began selling the first toilet paper on a roll, though roll toilet paper did not become common until 1907. In 1942, St. Andrews Paper Mill in Great Britain introduced the first two-ply toilet paper. In the 1930s, the Addis Brush Company created the first artificial  Christmas  brush trees, using the same machinery for making their toilet brushes.  In general, the type of material used to make a brush and its design was dictated by its intended use. The hair of animals such as horses, oxen, squirrels, and badgers was used in household and toilet-brushes. Various types of plant fibers have also been used, such as the piassava obtained from a Brazilian palm and palmyra bassine derived from the palmyra palm of Africa and Sri Lanka. Brush bristles were joined to handles and backs of wood, plastic or metal. Many household and toilet-brushes were produced by inserting tufts of fibers into holes drilled in brush backs. One of the earliest and most elaborate of showers was the English Regency Shower developed around 1810.

Geography Edexcel Igcse Case Study Chinas One Child...

†¢ In 1970, China’s population of 830 million increased by 2.6%. To reduce this high rate of population growth, the Chinese government introduced ‘voluntary’ schemes, such as: ïÆ'Ëœ State-run family planning programmes. ïÆ'Ëœ State-sponsored advertising campaigns with the slogan ‘later, longer, fewer’, meaning marrying later, having longer gaps between babies, and fewer children. †¢ These schemes caused the birth rate to start falling. However, in 1979, the ‘one-child’ policy was introduced, meaning that couples who had more than one child would be penalised. Sometimes they would be sterilised or forced to have an abortion. †¢ If couples kept to having one child, they were given rewards, such as: ïÆ'Ëœ Cash bonuses. ïÆ'Ëœ Better childcare. ïÆ'˜â€ ¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Having only one child also means that families could provide a better education for their child, which meant that the new generation became better educated and therefore more able to find employment and escape the cycle of poverty. †¢ A better educated workforce also helped attract investment from TNCs later on and helped to economy to develop further. †¢ N.B the one-child policy was not the only thing that stimulated economic development. China’s communist policies relaxed, allowing more trading. This allowed industrialisation and investment from TNCs, which were attracted to China’s large, cheap labour supply, its large consumption and its good natural resources, e.g. coal. †¢ However, it has also had may unwanted consequences: ïÆ'Ëœ The Chinese tradition to prefer sons has caused widespread sex-selective abortion. ïÆ'Ëœ There are now 120 males to every 100 females. ïÆ'Ëœ Parents spoil their sons as they are an only child, and as a result he tends to be obese, demanding and delinquent. ïÆ'Ëœ And increasing shortage of women of marrying age has caused bartering (exchange of goods not money) for wives and even kidnapping of women to marry them in rural areas. ïÆ'Ëœ Young women are leaving the countryside and moving to towns and cities, as men are preferred for farm work. †¢ For these reasons, the ‘Care for Girls’ plan was introduced to change Chinese traditional attitudes towards the gender of women and reduce the

Strategic Information Security of IBM

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information Security of IBM. Answer: Introduction IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) is the manufacturer of computer hardware, software and also provides infrastructure service for other small companies. IBM is an international brand and serves more than 170 countries in the world. IBM has steadily evolved its business and has focused on the profitable areas on the market resulting in increasing the value of their products and service (Www-07.ibm.com. 2016). IBM Corporation's vision, main goal and worth proclamations have not changed on the basic subsequent level to the organizations. The values, vision and mission statement of IBM is "Dedication to every client's success. Innovation that matters, for our company and for the world. Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships." The report discusses about the principle point of IBM business process and basically assesses the strategies utilized for arranging the business and sorting out it effectively. The issues are distinguished that go about as a boundary for the development of the business procedure and diverse techniques that can be connected to the business procedure are talked about in the report. In addition, the diverse contenders having the same business ranges additionally broke down and the distinctive focused techniques the organization can embrace to pick up favourable position are likewise talked about in the report. Research Aim: The particular study is aimed to identify the current security state of IBM and the suggestions for the improvement of the IBM security levels. The researcher selected IBM from the case study to make the audience understand the security issues in a multinational IT company in a better way. A few operation procedures are incorporated into the report like operation technique definition, usage, observing and control of the operational systems. Research Objectives: With the assistance of examination goals, the sub-division of the exploration subject will be empowered that will permit legitimate categorisation of wide point into proper structures. Rundown of goals accommodating in fruitful accomplishment of the exploration point are as enrolled beneath: To critically analyse the present security state of IBM To propose strategies to improve the security levels in IBM To suggest some effective measures for improving the accuracy, efficiency and cost incurred by IBM To identify the basic strategies that can be implement for sorting out the business and systems administration Current Security State of IBM The common problem associated with every business or organization is the security. Whether small or large business and any type of business be it retail or finance they are all facing threats of security (Saaty and Kearns 2014). Every organization has a gap in their protection layer of the organization and the attacker finds the gap to intrude into the system and carry out their noxious activities. IBM is a multinational company and has adopted all the security programs to keep its organization highly secure from any external attacks (Fowler 2013). IBM has technical persons who identify the flaws in the system and address the problems and manage the system efficiently. IBM provides security solution to other business and it should highly secure its own organization or it would lose faith of its customer (Ulrich 2013). It has the need to maintain the confidentiality of the business, integrity of the solution to the targeted business and analysis of the business and identify the gaps. The key tool for identifying the current security state is assessment of the whole business process. The main security issues associate with the IBM is the impact of the unspecified errors after the launch of a software product (Scott and Davis 2015). The software is incompatible with many of the platform for which it is designed. They also faces buffer overflow error in their launched software. Thus a huge amount of money is lossed by IBM during the recession period and the company have to think for new strategies in which they can invest to recover their business. A proper analysis is done on the emerging technologies such that they meet all the requirement and gain profit from the investment. The main focus is given on the following three entities which the emerging technology lacks. Data confidentiality is a certification that data is available just to the individuals who ought to have admittance to it. Data integrity manages that unapproved gatherings ought not to have the capacity to adjust or change the undertaking information (Benn et al. 2014). Data accessibility guarantees that basic data and administrations will be open to the general population who need it, when they require it. Evaluation of the current emerging technologies and risk on investment in the technologies. IBM faces a decline in their natural business growth and experienced less demand for their software products. They also experiences less sales in their microelectronics, servers and customer care service. Thus there is a fall in the revenue of IBM and to overcome this problem IBM analysed its business process and started developing some strategic plans for the business growth and generating revenue (Www-07.ibm.com. 2016). They analysed their business process and searched new business which have demand in the market and they adopted the strategy of investing in cloud computing, Big data, mobile computing and providing security solution to other business (Senge 2014). They expect that the fields in which they invest would help them to grow its business in future. Risks are associated with this emerging technologies and IBM need to address the risk and mitigate them in order to grow their business. Suggestion for Improvement of Security level of IBM Strategy adopted by IBM: It is a good strategy adopted by IBM to invest in the emerging technologies like cloud computing, big data, and providing solution to the business organization and other enterprise. As there is a less demand of the software and the hardware they manufacture IBM implemented new strategy for the evolution of their business. Analysis on the emerging technology: A proper analysis on the emerging technology should be done by IBM in order to reduce the risk of loss in the business. The security solution provided by IBM should be up to the mark and defend any external attacks that may happen in the organization. IBM has specialization in producing software service and thus they can build programs to increase security in the cloud platform and the Big data environment efficiently. The cloud platform is increasingly used as a database server for most of the companies but there is lack of confidence for the companies storing their data in the cloud servers. They usually store the data that are not confidential and the confidential data are still stored in the local servers of the company. Risk associated with the technology: There is a risk of data theft associated with cloud computing, the data stored in the cloud servers can be accessed by an external agent. IBM providing security solution must mitigate the problems and it is expected that it would take the technology to a new end and make the user of the cloud platform to store their data confidently. Suggestions for the improvement of the accuracy, efficiency and cost incurred of IBM Applying ECM (Enterprise Content Management) abilities to center business process it is possible to change the route in which an association conduct the key areas of the business, for example, client administration or supply chains (Dutta et al. 2013). By changing existing business exercises into more streamlined procedures, organizations can decrease expenditure, build profitability and proficiency, get marketplace knowledge, lessen hazard and turn out to be more receptive to persistently changing business atmospheres. Numerous associations apply ECM to enhance a solitary movement, yet neglect to understand the extra advantage and degree of profitability that can be accomplished by applying ECM systems and advancements to extra business territories. Organizations can pick up huge quality by stretching out ECM to different exercises, as opposed to acquiring point answers for every business zone (Mavodza 2013). IBM ECM encourages the reconciliation of substance with different offices, procedures and applications. By consolidating content, process, data lifecycle administration and investigation and incorporating with existing IT situations and applications, IBM ECM empowers organizations to make exceedingly versatile procedures so they can foresee and react to occasions as they happen (Wermelinger et al. 2015). The center business exercises examined in the accompanying areas are proportional ascribe as the way in which records are utilized. IBM ECM empowers an association to enhance the effectiveness of each of these procedures while bringing down IT costs: 1. Lifecycle management of customers (customer service, electronic statement and market analysis). 2. Management of the employees. 3. Management of the service and the products 4. Managing the assets 5. Management of the project 6. Commercially authorized and monitored 7. Supply chain management (ERP transaction, contacts and accounts payable) 8. IT administration and infrastructure management Lifecycle management of the customer IBM ECM encourages better client administration, self-administration and case taking care of effective administration of substance and forms connected with client data and exchanges. IBM ECM can be incorporated with CRM to empower a solitary perspective of the client (Zhu et al. 2015). This helps client administration delegates to rapidly resolve client demands started by telephone, web, email, composed correspondence and in individual by giving them access to all applicable data (Gwyer 2015). Administrators can utilize process measurements to assess client administration patterns and effectiveness, and can break down client correspondence and call logs to reveal patterns, needs or issues. Government and social organizations benefits that utilize a case administration procedure can use IBM ECM to encourage gathering and administration of all unstructured data all through the lifecycle of the case (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Organizations can offer their clients more precise, cutting -edge charging data, and can convey it over the web or to portable gadgets. Management of the employees IBM case administration capacities can help associations productively handle and hold all substance and records connected with workersfrom contract through resign (Ulrich 2013). HR offices can apply robotized business procedures to oversee high-volume HR exchanges, for example, enlisting, changes in employment status and retirement, subsequently diminishing managerial overhead. IBM ECM can be incorporated with existing HR frameworks to make a solitary, far reaching perspective of worker data. It gives an archive to safely catch and hold worker reports. Business process administration (BPM) and electronic structures abilities further enhance proficiency by empowering representative self-administration (Saaty and Kearns 2014). With a predictable procedure set up, HR can make, redesign and distribute strategies, techniques, advantages data and that's only the tip of the iceberg, which likewise enhances general corporate effectiveness (Scott and Davis 2015). The move to electronic record s powered by ECM advances and a propelled case administration procedure drastically decreases the requirement for HR to store representative data in file organizers and offsite storerooms. Management o the service and the products IBM ECM helps organizations oversee unstructured substance, and also the procedures connected with the advancement, creation, conveyance and utilization of items or administrations. IBM ECM additionally offers content examination abilities those utilization modern characteristic dialect calculations to create business knowledge from for all intents and purposes any sort of substance in any arrangement (Breiter et al. 2014). For instance, item directors can influence IBM ECM capacities to pinpoint an issue with item plan by investigating substance of approaching client bolster calls. Furthermore, IBM ECM arrangements give a focal store to deal with the creation, procurement, overhauling and distribution of item data, for example, information sheets, particulars, guarantee, specialized outlines, guarantees, value records and media resources (Paroutis et al. 2014). Extra efficiencies might be accomplished by incorporating IBM ECM with item lifecycle administration applications or other item data administration frameworks, for example, IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management Server for Product Information Management. Utilizing IBM ECM advancements, makers, makers, suppliers and administration associations can give and keep up precise item data, build up a standard procedure for redesigning item data and use item data over different channels and media. Managing the assets IBM ECM helps organizations oversee reports and substance connected with capital resources, from resource arranging through resource retirement. The advantage lifecycle can be dealt with as a "case," so different individuals can add to its administration after some time (Talley 2014). IBM ECM gives a solitary, secure store to oversee content, paying little heed to source or configuration, identified with the arranging, assessment, obtainment, operation, support and retirement of capital resources. A solitary, secure wellspring of benefit data makes it altogether less demanding for representatives to get to precise, current resource data to perform their occupations (Andrijcic and Haimes 2016). Organizations can consequently recognize, catch and oversee resource data as a corporate record, enhancing efficiencies while empowering vital business knowledge and administrative consistence (Kandiraju et al. 2014). By incorporating with other venture applications, for example, ERP and IBM Ma ximo, IBM ECM permits different lines of business and remote representatives to get to resource documentation when required. Along these lines, effective substance administration can encourage better resource use and develop the life of key capital resources. Management of the project IBM ECM gives a community oriented environment that empowers representatives and additionally customers, suppliers, accomplices and temporary workers to add to venture achievement. Members can exhibit thoughts, create plans, offer data, settle on choices and oversee archives (counting email) connected with a task (Senge 2014). IBM ECM permits associations to compose the record sorts connected with every venture so that the members have simple yet secure access (based upon their task or authoritative part) to the data. IBM ECM empowers venture groups to set up repeatable business procedures to quicken venture finish (Fowler 2013). For associations that have broad undertaking administration exercises, IBM ECM empowers them to make layouts, repurpose already made work and keep up a library of venture related substance that backings different task exercises (Wermelinger et al. 2015). At the point when current task data is accessible through a solitary, secure purpose of access, organizat ions pick up venture administration efficiencies: workers can make speedier, more exact undertaking appraisals and choices, while supervisors can secure task data based upon member parts. Commercially authorized and monitored IBM ECM helps corporate legitimate staff discover, get to and oversee records and substance connected with lawful matters, cost effective discovery crosswise over big business content (both physical and computerized) and be significantly more successful in overseeing basic corporate substance connected with lawful issues (Mahindru et al. 2014). Key to viable substance administration inside the connection of corporate legitimate exercises is the capacity to execute an endeavor data lifecycle administration and administration system. IBM ECM content appraisal abilities empower an association to powerfully investigate endeavor data to recognize content key to the business and substance that can be decommissioned (Jablokov et al. 2014). Setting delicate and rules-based IBM arrangement and classification capacities can mechanize order and encourage more steady treatment of big business content. IBM records administration abilities give a unified arrangement to document arranges, maintenan ce plans, legitimate safeguarding holds and evaluating, all of which address quickly advancing orders and administrative, lawful and trustee necessities (Mahindru et al. 2014).. IBM eDiscovery enables corporate lawful groups with a faultless procedure for quickly finding, surveying, conveying and creating a streamlined gathering of applicable materials to decision bodies or outsider administration suppliers. Supply chain management IBM ECM is as often as possible used to supplement ERP applications. By means of incorporation with ERP, content made outside of an ERP application can be caught and kept up in the IBM ECM storehouse for simple and secure access over the span of an exchange. IBM ECM empowers all important substance connected with suppliers and inventory network exchanges to be midway and safely overseen, yet be open to the ERP clients and different lines of business that use the data in their day by day exercises (Christopher 2016). Numerous archives created over the span of production network procedures are genuine corporate records. The IBM ECM records administration ability empowers an organization to naturally catch and hold production network archives and hold them electronically the length of legitimately requiredwhich likewise lessens paper stockpiling costs (Monczka et al. 2015). IBM BPM capacities coordinate with ERP frameworks to give best-of-breed work process, empowering ideal store netwo rk preparing. Creation or catch of a report, for example, an email, fax or receipt, inside IBM ECM can naturally start a work process, further diminishing the quantity of manual strides required in the store network (Ross 2013). Associations that desire to enhance inventory network procedures can apply IBM business movement checking abilities to persistently examine process efficiency with the objective of disposing of bottlenecks and conveying assets ideally. IT administration and infrastructure management IBM ECM offers IT associations the capacities to address each of the issues referred to above. IBM ECM examination and grouping abilities permit an association to stock an accumulation of records and evaluate the quality and pertinence of everything with the objective of erasing unneeded substance, chronicling substance to more practical stockpiling media or relocating/solidifying content into a halfway oversaw vault (Sivasubramanian et al. 2015). Wiping out superfluous records and decommissioning out of date archives can altogether decrease stockpiling, permitting and IT regulatory expenses. Moreover, IBM ECM association abilities permit connection to keep up its interest in a current, legacy content vault while making a venture content metadata inventory that gives a main issue of access to the substance sources that are united under the IBM ECM framework (Mahindru et al. 2014). Reconciliation with IBM ECM can essentially upgrade the quality and profitability of utilizations that r equire continuous access to an extensive variety of reports as a major aspect of the business movement. Utilizing IBM ECM to oversee and file the archives and substance connected with ERM or CRM frameworks empowers an association to enhance framework execution, especially as for report recoveries; kill offsite capacity costs for paper records; and naturally oversee electronic report maintenance to keep things just the length of lawfully required (Gwyer 2015). Conclusion In a world that is progressively instrumented, interconnected and smart, organizations need more quick witted frameworks to comprehend their incomprehensible stores of information. Each association relies on upon substantial volumes of both organized and unstructured data to viably lead business exercises and guide basic choices. Every one of this information serves a critical capacity in its relationship with representatives, clients and suppliers, and key business procedures, for example, resource administration, arranging, venture administration, ERP, inventory network administration and consistence. IBM ECM can help an association to fundamentally enhance key business procedures, profitability and general productivity. Through the use of instruments intended to bolster ECM and propelled case administration, associations can turn out to be more productive and viable in overseeing contracts, representative data, supplier understandings, client connections, capital resources, bookke eping forms, specialized archive distributions, ventures, change administration forms, consistence activities and significantly more. By consolidating the force of big business content, exceedingly effective business forms content lifecycle administration and investigation, organizations can streamline and advance their business exercises, and endeavour all types of substance for more profound business sector understanding, quicker, more precise choices and more prominent undertaking efficiency. References Andrijcic, E. and Haimes, Y.Y., 2016. Metamodeling of Interdependent Systems: Application to Bridge Infrastructure Management.Journal of Infrastructure Systems, p.04016028. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Breiter, G., Behrendt, M., Gupta, M., Moser, S.D., Schulze, R., Sippli, I. and Spatzier, T., 2014. Software defined environments based on TOSCA in IBM cloud implementations.IBM Journal of Research and Development,58(2/3), pp.9-1. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. 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Software defined infrastructures.IBM Journal of Research and Development,58(2/3), pp.2-1. Mahindru, R., Sarkar, R. and Viswanathan, M., 2014. Software defined unified monitoring and management of clouds.IBM Journal of Research and Development,58(2/3), pp.12-1. Mavodza, J., 2013. The impact of cloud computing on the future of academic library practices and services.New Library World,114(3/4), pp.132-141. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Paroutis, S., Bennett, M. and Heracleous, L., 2014. A strategic view on smart city technology: The case of IBM Smarter Cities during a recession.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,89, pp.262-272. Ross, D.F., 2013.Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Saaty, T.L. and Kearns, K.P., 2014.Analytical planning: The organization of system(Vol. 7). Elsevier. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Senge, P.M., 2014.The dance of change: The challenges to sustaining momentum in a learning organization. Crown Business. Sivasubramanian, S., McAlister, G.A.M. and Milovanovic, M., Amazon Technologies, Inc., 2015. Monitoring and automatic scaling of data volumes. U.S. Patent 9,207,984. Talley, N.B., 2014. Are You Doing It Backward-Improving Information Literacy Instruction Using the AALL Principles and Standards for Legal Research Competency, Taxonomies, and Backward Design.Law Libr. J.,106, p.47. Ulrich, D., 2013.Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Wermelinger, M., Hall, J.G., Rapanotti, L., Barroca, L., Ramage, M. and Bandara, A., 2015, May. Teaching software systems thinking at The Open University. In2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering(Vol. 2, pp. 307-310). IEEE. Www-07.ibm.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www-07.ibm.com/sg/manufacturing/pdf/manufacturing/ECM.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Zhu, W.D., Benoit, B., Jackson, B., Liu, J., Marin, M., Meena, S., Ospina, J.F. and Rios, G., 2015.Advanced Case Management with IBM Case Manager. IBM Redbooks.